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Too many connections may cause a memory shortage, since each user consumes 40 Kbytes. SQL Server has a buffer cache to improve response time for data that is frequently accessed. If the hit rate of the buffer cache is high, the disks were less used. This improves the performance of the database.
Log monitoring indicates how many alterations are being made in the database. For a database with a lot of recording activity, the time for an alteration to be executed may be reduced to increase security. Also, if the process queue is greater than 1 process per processor, a CPU bottleneck will be identified. But if a server has too great a workload, reading and writing will have to alternate. This can significantly reduce the performance of the server. In this document we will present a description of several important factors in the configuration and monitoring of the database server.
NTFS partitions need space for management Limit the number of network protocols in Windows If a great number of protocols are configured in the server, an increase of traffic in the network may harm performance.
The sorting order chosen during installation of the SQL Server may affect performance. These are the possibilities:. Binary - The fastest, but may cause problems in the client applications. Case Insensitive - The second fastest, use it if possible. Accent insensitive, uppercase preference and Case Sensitive - The slowest. The best procedure is to create the data files and logs in separate disks or arrays, with the finality of isolating reading and writing conflicts.
Use the most available physical disks for creation of the data files. If the SQL Server has an excellent disk controller, this parameter may be increased. The default value is 32 maximum is , which is sufficient in most cases. This parameter defines the appropriate recovery interval for the SQL Server. If a small table or some is used much more than the others, this parameter may be used to keep it always in the cache after its first reading.
If the information switched between the clients and the servers are images, or any other large piece of data, this parameter may be increased to improve performance default is bytes.
When this parameter is enabled, the SQL Server analyzes every query to verify the possibility of dividing it in more than one processor. This is unnecessary in OLTP applications, since in this case most operations are simple and do not require parallelism. This parameter indicates the maximum number of threads that the server reserves for the SQL Server sqlservr. Each user connection uses one thread. If there are more connected users than available threads, the SQL Server will use thread pooling, degrading performance.
This parameter default will always be slightly greater than parameter Max user connections. If the database is being used a lot by the applications, its physical location should be apart from other data files. A data file or a file group may not be used in more than one database. Data and log may not belong in the same data file. File groups are mechanisms used to associate objects to specific files.
Several data files may be created in different disks and associated to a Concepts. File groups have a proportional growth strategy- the free space in the data files will always be proportional. For example: if a data file has MB and another MB, for each byte recorded in the first data file, two will be recorded in the second.
Normally, the more data files, the better parallelism will be, but in some data files the saturation point may have been reached. Buffer cache - A definite amount of physical memory that is reserved by SQL -Server for data that is used more frequently. This reduces disk usage and improves general performance. Log file - File where all database alterations are registered. It is possible to restore information if there are problems. Paging - Memory is organized in pages.
The operating system can transfer these pages from physical memory to disk and vice-versa. This process is called paging. Process queue - This is the queue of processes "waiting" to be processed by the CPU. Virtual memory - The operating system manages the total available memory, composed of RAM and disk, creating a single "virtual" memory block.
The data used in this report was obtained from an exclusive collector, with high resolution and low intrusion, developed especially for this end. This collector obtained data directly from the core of the operating system, with no need for libraries or additional utilities, and minimum impact on the environment. The collected data is stored in binary format, to provide persistence.
The data is automatically sent, compressed and encrypted to ensure fast transit and confidentiality. The content of this report is the result of years of experience in performance analysis and capacity planning. The tool used to generate this document operates in a totally automatic manner, without direct human intervention. It uses an extensible inference machine, based on heuristics and rules which are continuously improved.
Through the use of concepts such as "watermarks"and regression, it is possible to determine when a computational resource will reach its saturation point. During the monitored period, this was the summary configuration of the target machine:. The future horizon considered was days. See below this period's highlights:. The CPU had a usage reduction. That is why no projection was made. The usage peaked at If the disk space is increased in 4. If the number of disks is increased in Usage peaked at 0.
For this environment to operate satisfactorily in a future horizon of days, it is necessary to add MB memory, add at least 0. Because of that, there is no projected growth. The as 6. The reliability of the linear regression is. The future horizon considered. The lines below represent the total memory consumption and its growth.
Date T4 'u -. The peak was All disks are considered here as a single storage device. The line below represents the total disk time active. Here, all disks are considered as one. The future horizon considered is days. Here the total network bandwidth is considered, and the total consumption, aggregating all network adaptors. For this environment to operate satisfactorily in a future horizon of days, it is necessary to add MB memory, as shown in the graph below.
For this environment to operate satisfactorily in a future horizon of days, it is necessary to add at least 0. The lines represent, respectively, the present configuration orange and the recommended configuration brown for the machine to operate within the usage limit.
For this environment to operate satisfactorily in a future horizon of days, it is necessary to add 1 disks, as shown in the graph below. To understand a capacity planning report it is necessary to understand a few basic concepts.
The idea is not to present a treaty, but to explain some fundamental aspects of capacity planning. A computer installation may be represented by two compound systems, the user community and the computer system. The computer system is a hardware, software and transmission line complex destined to fulfill the processing and information needs of the users. These needs are communicated to the computer system through programs, data and commands produced by the users.
This collection of programs, data and commands is called workload. The computer system has a limited performance that may be quantified with measures such as: usage rate, response time, processing rate, availability index, etc.
The performance of a computer system depends upon the interaction between the workload and the resources of the system. A new concept arises, the system's Capacity.
This concept may be defined as the workload that a given computer system can process without exceeding the performance limits imposed by the installation. When the workload surpasses the established limits, the system is said to have "exceeded the saturation limit", or the system is "saturated".
Usually, from this moment on the response times to user requests become too slow or present an erratic behaviour. The basic purpose of Capacity Planning is to provide, in due time, the necessary reports for rendering efficient Information Technology services. There are different capacity planning techniques, depending basically on three factors: complexity, precision and cost.
These techniques are the following, in order of growing complexity, precision and cost:. Empirical rules are based on experience, knowledge, practice and feeling. It is cheap but very unreliable. Linear Analysis, such as "Capacity Wizard", is based on the performance analysis for the current workload and the linear projection of the future behavior of this system from the present performance. One can have almost immediate capacity evaluations for hundreds of servers and workstations, with a minimum human intervention.
These evaluations will permit rapid visualization of future bottlenecks in the system, permitting preventive measures, not mere reactions. An additional advantage of Capacity Wizard is providing a constant and continued evaluation, before and after configuration changes. This means that, after an upgrade or improvement in the system, a new report will indicate if the results of the change were as good as predicted in the previous report due to the great quantity of variables and unexpected occurrences involved, Capacity Planning is not an exact science.
The analytic model technique is based on a set of mathematical equations that. Operational analysis and stochastic modeling are the techniques used. Simulation is a numerical method describing the dynamic behavior of a system through time.
These models consume a lot of CPU resources until they reach the intended results. Benchmarking consists in the selection of a group of applications that represent as closely as possible the total workload involved. This group will be processed in a system as similar as possible to the system in question. This technique has many complications, such as the true representation of the programs and data masses and of the equipment used. This tool makes the following analysis and projections:.
The agent, installed in the analyzed system, collects data globally and per process for each of these resources. The tool searches, in the collector agent database, the data used in the analysis.
These data are validated and rearranged in the best manner. The hourly consumptions, for each resource, are measured. The greatest recorded consumption is chosen as representative for that day. If the sample is long enough- default period is 3 months- the greatest consumption of the week will represent weekly consumption. After these consumptions are defined, the tool will execute their linear regression, defining a line segment that approximates the defined daily or weekly consumption.
Once this segment is defined, one can extend it into the future and estimate when saturation of the resource will occur the point where this line crosses the saturation level. It may be possible to find that the resource is already saturated. The tool accepts several definitions for saturation level. If the user wants to define his own limits, he may do so.
In doing so, he may know in advance what would happen if he upgraded his equipment. Besides informing the moment of saturation, the tool informs the necessary alteration to prevent this excess. Example: How much must we upgrade the present CPU so that it does not become saturated for the next 18 months? Again, there is a default option 1 year , for all the resources.
The tool provides different types of graphs and charts, showing which applications consumed the most resources. The following options influence the calculation of future projections and increments equipment upgrades or alterations :. Note: if the equipment can no longer be upgraded, the user must choose the following option. In this case, the tool will not have to search any hardware databases.
Tool Description. This increment assumes that an identical equipment was placed alongside the original one and the consumption was divided in half. This assumes that the resource will not become saturated before one year starting on the last measurement. If the resource does become saturated before one year, the report informs the necessary upgrade to avoid this. User determines how many days must pass before the resource becomes saturated.
The data used in this report was obtained from an exclusive collector, developed specially for this end, executing on the target machine with high resolution and low intrusion. This collector obtains data directly from the operating system, without any other libraries or additional tools, with a minimum overhead on the system. During the monitoring period, the summary configuration of the machine, which has been obtained dynamically, was:. The following was worth highlighting within this period:.
A bottleneck was caused by the runnable process queue, because it exceeded the number of active processors for most of the time. The average paging rate was high all the time, reaching During the monitoring period all the real memory was used for processes and file caching. The high amount of virtual memory in use, during all the monitoring period, indicates a need for more real memory. The network bandwith was always sufficient, not indicating any restraints.
During this monitoring period the machine maintained the following availability rate. The graph below refers to this day. Idle 1 0. For most of the monitoring period the runnable process queue exceeded the level of 1, which resulted in a bottleneck, as the graph below demonstrates.
The greatest number of processes running was At this exact moment, 54 processes and threads were simultaneously running. LSASS 28 1. The average paging rate was high all the time, indicating strong. The virtual memory in use was high during all the recorded period. All the real memory was used in processes and file caching during the monitoring period.
Memory Zoom. On this day, at , memory reached the highest level of usage. These are the 10 processes that consumed most of the memory at this moment. Usage is shown in KB. There was no interface overload. The graphs relating to disk hdiskO are shown on the following pages. The graph below represents the status on this day. The occupation rate trend for paging space was not analyzed due to the short sample period.
Status of the file system at the end of the monitoring period:. This was the situation of the disk at the end of the monitored period:. CSRSS ' j 20 7. LSASS 21 1. Idle 0 1 CMD 1. LSASS 20 0. The usage is shown in KB. In order to be able to understand a performance analysis report, it may be convenient to review some basic concepts. The idea here is not to make a treaty on the subject, but to go through some fundamental aspects related to performance.
System performance means different things to different people. This can range from resource consumption to amount of work performed per unit of time. The performance of any system depends on how tied up key resources are. The reason being that system performance is, essentially, a function of the time each key resource takes to service a request, plus the time a request has spent queued waiting to be serviced more details on queues ahead.
In order to evaluate resource consumption, criteria must be established. These criteria consist of judging which system performance variables best express this consumption, since many are available. These watermarks are approximate and can vary depending on the characteristics of the system being analyzed.
CPUs can play a significant role in the response time of computational environments, especially when other resources are abundant. This is particularly true in environments where most of the data required is available in memory. Run-queue means the amount of processes threads, in fact which are runnable ready to execute , being either queued, waiting for a CPU.
It is a measure of how used up is the CPU, in an environment comprised of many processes a commercial transaction environment, e. The watermarks, typical of run-queue, are a range between the number of processors available and five times this value. This depends on the response time required for a transaction, versus the amount of CPU required by this transaction.
It can be used as a criterion for environments with many processes, but run-queue is more meaningful in these cases. CPU usage is expressed in percentage and it can be broken in four categories, usr, sys, idle and wio. Usr stands for user mode or the mode in which a process executes, when not using any operating system service. Sys means system mode, which is the mode a process is placed into when using any operating system service.
Idle, as the term suggests, is when a CPU has no process to execute. Memory can play different roles in a computational environment, ranging from fast storage area for program data to disk data caching making up for the slower speed of disk subsystems.
This means that memory is consumed for very distinct purposes. Memory consumption, being understood as not only real memory RAM , but as the entire virtual memory subsystem, can be well evaluated by paging activity, virtual memory usage and paging space usage. Paging activity occurs when the real memory being managed by a virtual memory subsystem is overcommitted. In a small degree, it is not a problem, since the main purpose of the virtual memory subsystem is to be able to maximize system throughput by allowing process memory to be swapped in and out.
When stored in a cool and dry area, the thickener is safe to eat indefinitely. Expiration dates are simply a measure of the last day a manufacturer will vouch for a food's quality, not a measure of its safety. Now that you're informed, you can stop throwing away foods to help you cut down on waste and save money. Always use your senses and best judgement when determining if a food is good to eat, they will tell you more than the "Use-By" date on the package.
Extra-Virgin Coconut Oil Extra-virgin or virgin coconut oil is high in saturated fat, so it can last an indefinite amount of time. Honey We all love honey, it carries antiviral and antibacterial properties.
Canned Vegetables Canned vegetables usually last years beyond the date mentioned on the can. Dried Fruits Dried fruits, one of our long shelf-life foods, take about years to expire.
White Vinegar White vinegar, which is commonly used in pickling is super acidic. Salt Whether you prefer table salt or sea salt, you can confidently sprinkle it on your food no matter how long it's been hanging out in your spice cabinet. Then you divide memory by the same number of VMs. Your email address will not be published. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. Notify me of new posts by email. Windows Server R2 is no longer supported.
For older operating systems e. VDA 7. Windows 11 and vSphere — Citrix supports Windows 11 on vSphere 7 or newer. Windows 11 requires TPM. VM encryption requires a Key Provider. In vSphere Client, in Inventory, click the vCenter object. Non-security operating system fixes and enhancements may not get back-ported to LTSC. This article also has links to several other articles listing known issues with Windows 10 releases. Remove the floppy drive. Remove any serial or LPT ports.
If Windows 11 on vSphere: When creating the Windows 11 virtual machine, enable Encrypt this virtual machine. On the Customize hardware page, make sure VM configuration files are encrypted.
Hard disk encryption is not required and you can deselect it. Only the VM configuration files must be encrypted. If vSphere : To reduce disk space, reserve memory. Memory reservations reduce the size or eliminate the virtual machine. For vGPU, set vgpu. Install the latest version of hypervisor drivers e. VMware Tools. Obviously this is bad. To disable this functionality, power off the virtual machine.
What Is BHA? AHAs are best for some skin types. BHAs are best for other skin types. These 2 types of chemical exfoliant are the most common types used. And all you need to know is this; Glycolic acid is an AHA and is, therefore, best for dry to normal skin types Salicylic acid is a BHA and is therefore best for combination or oily skin types AHA vs BHA bottom line: If you have a dry to normal skin type, choose glycolic acid.
Share Tweet Pin. Name Email. However, things are much easier with Windows You can now transfer your license for Windows 7, 8, or 8. There are two ways to approach this. You can do this via the control panel. Then, once the updates are done, you should go to your System Tray and click the small Windows icon. If your computer is compatible, your Windows 10 upgrade will be reserved and queued.
Patience is key when upgrading your Windows OS because it might take a while. Once your reserved copy is ready, a dialogue box will appear asking to download the installer. Start the download and get ready for a long wait.
The size of the installer could vary, but it should be at least 2. The on-screen prompts will guide you through the process.
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